Unit 3 - Fiscal Policy
- changes in expenditures or tax revenues of the federal government.
- Taxes- government can increase or decrease taxes.
- Spending- government can increase or decrease spending. Deficits, Surpluses, & Debt
- Balanced budget - Revenues = Expenditures.
- Budget deficit - Revenues < Expenditures.
- Budget Surplus - Revenues > Expenditures.
- Government debt - Sum of all Deficits - Sum of all Surpluses.
- Government must borrow money when it runs a budget deficit.
- Government borrows from... -Individuals -Corporations -Financial Institutions -Foreign Entities or Foreign Government
- Fiscal policy has only two options...

- Discretionary fiscal policy (action) - Expansionary Fiscal Policy (think deficit) - Contractionary fiscal policy (think surplus)
- Non-Discretionary fiscal policy (no action)
Discretionary v. Automatic Fiscal Policy (Also known as Non-Discretionary)
- Discretionary Fiscal Policy - increasing or decreasing Government spending and / or Taxes in order to return the economy to full employment.
- - Discretionary policy involves policy makers doing fiscal policy in response to an economic problem.
- Automatic Fiscal Policy - Unemployment compensation and marginal tax rates are examples of automatic policies that help mitigate the effects of recession and inflation. --
- automatic fiscal policy takes place without policy makers having to respond to current economic problems.
Expansionary ("EASY") fiscal policy
- combat a recession
- Taxes decrease government spending decrease
Contractionary ("TIGHT") Fiscal policy
- Combats Inflation
- Government spending decrease, taxes increase
Automatic or Built in stabilizers
- Anything that increases the governments budget deficit during a recession and increases its budget deficit during a recession and increases its budget surplus during inflation without requiring explicit action by policymakers.
- examples include...
- Social Security
- Medicaid, Medicare
- VA benefits e.t.c
- Unemployment
Tax Structures



Your notes are very well organize, but for expansionary i believe that the government spending increases and taxes decreases.
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